The drug safety crisis caused by the wide spread of fentanyl has become a non‐traditional security issue that both China and the US are commonly confronted with. Despite previous disputes over fentanyl， the two countries resumed anti‐drug cooperation in 2023. Both the cooperative intent influenced by the relationship between China and the US， and their perceptual differences about the fentanyl issue， establish a collective agreement for China and the US to govern fentanyl， which in turn impacts their anti‐drug cooperation. After reaching a historical low level， the relationship between China and the US has been moderated， which in turn has helped intensify their anti‐drug cooperation willingness. They have put aside their disagreement on fentanyl issue， enabling the bridging of cognitive differences. The two countries' respective cooperative identities， via a high degree of collective identity through interaction， have ultimately facilitated their cooperation from confrontation on anti‐drug issue. At present， China and the US are cooperating in many aspects including technological exchanges， law enforcement coordination and substance scheduling， and are advancing thegovernance on fentanyl with multiple methods.