Via combing the rise and fall of the manufacturing and of the world factory and summarizing the relationship between the rise and fall of great powers and the manufacturing， this study has discovered： that the manufacturing is the material basis for the rise of great powers， and the added value of manufacturing affects the soft power of a country and boosts its international power； that the imbalance in domestic industrial structure will weaken the strength of great powers， and the rise of emerging manufacturing powers will shake the status of the original great powers； and that the integrity and innovation capacity of industrial system are becoming increasingly important for the rise of and support for great powers. In fact the manufacturing has become the key to the strategic competition of great powers. At the same time， world factory is facing multiple challenges such as globalization and industrial transfer. Accordingly China is expected to further consolidate its manufacturing foundation and its status as the world factory.