The current research status on the political governance of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics calls for the Marxist perspective of "returning to the affair itself". The core essence of the political governance of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics lies in: that politically, Chinese society has an advanced, scientific and reasonable political system with great attraction and mobilization; that economically, the field of economic activities in Chinese society has moderately released the "right-based" character of people; that culturally, Chinese society has gradually formed a cultural structure that allows people's "reflection defects" and their "right-based" character of people to play a positive role; and that diplomatically, Chinese society has gradually formed a modern diplomatic thinking structure that takes "strength" as "implicit face" and "conciliation" as "explicit face". Therefore, revealing its core essence is the integral component of being determined to the confidence of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics.