With scale, border and identity construction as the theoretical perspective, and microbial turn as theoretical approach, this research explores the impact of microbes on security borders and security identities, arguing that intra-group variation and inter-group infection of microorganisms have to some extent destroyed and reshaped traditional security border and human ontological security, which lead to the inter-constructive relationships among state border, body(identity) border and microbe(knowledge) border. The dialectical interaction among the three dimensions constitutes the fundamental relationship of biosafety governance in the context of the microbial turn. This dynamic interaction is further analyzed and reconstructed viewed from the overall national security concept in order to reexamine and reconstruct the global commonality of biosecurity governance in the context of this cognitive shift, and thus to promote conceptual innovation and practical optimization of biosecurity governance in China and globally.