From the perspective of chronicle， there is a clear historical correlation of apparent joint prosperity and decline between the philosophy of nature and the democratic government in ancient Greece. Ancient Greek democracy not only makes possible the social division of labor on which the philosophy of nature depends， but also provides a suitable social environment for the contention and creation of various views on nature. Such features as difference， compromise and public participation in democratic politics are indispensable process elements to construct the ancient Greek view on nature. The argument and fusion between/among different views from ancient Greek philosophers of nature has showed the remarkable democratic characteristics， which has become a vivid portrayal of nature philosophy democracy. The epistemological program of relativism based on human scale was the epistemological basis of its democratic government and nature philosophy democracy， but the overflowing of relativism had also produced negative political influence. In the process of rethinking and criticizing the democratic politics and of simultaneously rebuilding the system of absolute truth， the philosophy of nature gradually declined with the demise of the Athenian politics.